and indirect effects of disasters. The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, and the explosion at the Fukushima …

Using new evidence from servant contracts, 1600-1890, we estimate women’s wages in Japan. Women’s wages could only ….7, higher than in Western Europe. Despite this, Japan had lower female empowerment for two reasons. First, absolute wages were … bargaining positions. The low female empowerment in Japan could explain the early and universal marriage of its women unlike …

Using individual-level data from the National Family Research of Japan Survey (1999, 2004 and 2009) and exploiting …

Purpose - Japan's decision to release nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean in 2023 has sparked strong opposition …/value - The problem arising from Japan's releasing plan is complicated because of a lack of information and the existence of …