Fischer, Carolyn; Greaker, Mads; Rosendahl, Knut Einar - 2016
rationales for green industrial policy. Subsidies may be provided downstream to energy suppliers and/or upstream to technology … suppliers; each has tradeoffs. Subsidies can offset underprovision upstream, but they allow dirty generation to expand when the … portfolio standard becomes less binding. Downstream subsidies raise all upstream profits and crowd out foreign emissions …