El-Mallakh, Nelly; Wahba, Jackline - 2021
international migration, documented versus undocumented, we examine the impact of the illegal status on wages upon return. Relying … legal status of temporary migration, we find that, upon return, undocumented migrants witness a wage penalty compared to … documented migrants, as well as relative to non-migrants. Our results are the first to show the impact of undocumented migration …