Docquier, Frédéric; Iandolo, Stefano; Rapoport, Hillel; … - 2024
We propose new measures of populism based on political parties electoral scores and platforms from the Manifesto … Project Database for the period 1960-2018. We then show empirically that over the period considered, the evolution of populism … is significantly affected by the extent and skill content of immigration and trade shocks. Specifically, imports of low …