Vulnerability disclosure refers to the process of identifying, reporting and patching weaknesses of software, hardware or services that can be exploited. The different actors within a vulnerability disclosure process are subject to a range of economic considerations and incentives that may...

The Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive entered into force in 2016, becoming the first piece of European legislation dealing with cybersecurity. The directive was created with the objective of boosting the overall level of cybersecurity in the European Union. It does so by...

Collaboration is a common objective of every European national cyber security strategy. Collaboration to enhance cyber security at all different levels i.e. information on threats sharing, awareness raising can be achieved in two formal structures: The Information Sharing and Analysis Centers...

One common objective of every European national cyber security strategy is collaboration. Collaboration to enhance cyber security in all different levels i.e. information on threats sharing, awareness raising is often achieved in two formal structures; the Information Sharing and Analysis...

The cyber insurance market is growing rapidly and it is expected to further expand by the adoption of the GDPR and the NIS Directive which will incentivise organisations falling under their provisions to seek ways of residual risk transfer. As the EU cyber insurance market is still at its early...

The use of long-range communication networks, and specially the Internet, has revolutionised ICS/SCADA systems and architectures. The use of network communication in these systems has proven to be an effective way of gaining a means for remotely operating and maintaining these infrastructures in...

As of the 1st July 2016, all provisions related to trust services of the eIDAS Regulation are directly applicable in the 28 EU Member States, which means they do not need to be transposed into national law. The eIDAS regulation will facilitate seamless digital transactions among individuals and...