The variations in exchange rate play a vital role in the determination of trade balance. Volatile exchange rate shatters the investor’s and trader’s confidence, and slows down the process of trade, which results in slower growth. In this paper, other market instabilities—such as GDP growth...

Considering the existing system of gender inequality in Pakistan, the paper uses a SAM-based Computable General Equilibrium model to analyse gender dimensions of the impact of economic reforms on time allocation among different activities; market, household, and leisure. For this purpose, it...

This paper is an attempt to get fresh estimates of the underground economy and tax evasion in Pakistan. Various methodologies have been used to measure the size of the underground economy, i.e., the monetary, fiscal, and labour market approaches in particular. The monetary approach has strong...

In the 1990s, poverty increased in Pakistan and the differences in mean earnings of males and females remained quite significant. In 1998-99, the ratio of average female earnings to average male earnings declined to 19 percent from 24 percent in 1992-93. In nominal terms the earnings difference...

The paper addresses the issue of aging in the context of poverty, which is on the increase in Pakistan. In the present scenario, the elderly do not form a large segment of the population but they are expected to increase in the coming years. The absence of well-established social protection...

Using Computable General Equilibrium Model, this paper assesses the impact of import liberalisation on macro aggregates and on the welfare of households. It uses benchmark data from Social Accounting Matrix for the year 1989-90 and simulates the impact of (i) removal of quota restrictions on...