The emergence of a highly dynamic and quickly evolving data industry has spawned a debate concerning whether, and if so under which legal regime, “raw” data, in particular auto-generated data, may and should be afforded legal protection so as to provide a stable legal environment for the...

This contribution examines the generation-based support schemes for renewable energy sources. It investigates the design choices that Member States have made so far and the stance that the Commission has adopted on these choices. Moreover, it provides a taxonomy of different support schemes and...

This contribution provides a comprehensive analysis of the anti-hybrid rules introduced in both the ATAD 1 and 2, stressing the main challenges related to their implementation both from a practical and from a tax policy perspective

This paper sets out the social rights obligations of both public financial institutions like the World Bank and the IMF, and of private financial institutions like banks. Moving beyond doctrinal analysis, it traces how the World Bank and the IMF have in practice over time considerably improved...

This chapter revisits the interaction between the EU rules on State aid and on public procurement. It probes the standard presumption that compliance with EU procurement rules excludes the existence of State aid because public tenders are apt to replicate market conditions and thus suppress any...

This comprehensive Handbook illuminates the objectives and economics behind competition law. It takes a global comparative approach to explore competition law and policy in a range of jurisdictions with differing political economies, legal systems and stages of development.A set of expert...