Railways are essential for the development and diversification of Mongolia’s economy. The Government of Mongolia recognizes that structural changes will be required to improve the efficiency of the rail sector and to provide incentives for private sector investment. A key step toward rail...

Based on an analysis of gender inequalities, strategies and promising initiatives to counter gender discrimination and promote equality between men and women in Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines, as well as an inventory of global good legal, economic, and social practices, this report...

The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program is a practical, projectbased, and results-oriented partnership that promotes and facilitates regional cooperation in transport, trade, and energy. CAREC comprises 10 countries: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, the People’s Republic of...

The Pacific is an increasingly urbanized region, with many countries struggling to cope with demands for basic urban services. This publication recommends risk reduction and adaptation measures to promote more sustainable urban development.

Payments for environmental services (PES) are a potential mechanism to provide incentives for sustainable management of grasslands and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. PES is not widely practiced in Mongolia, but has been included in the Green Development Strategy of the government. This...

The Office of Anticorruption and Integrity (OAI) helps the Asian Development Bank (ADB) ensure that development funds entrusted to it are not misused through fraud or corruption. This publication highlights OAI’s activities in 2013 such as investigating allegations of integrity violations;...

The threats posed by climate change have significant impacts on Mongolia’s grassland ecosystems and herders’ livelihoods. This publication discusses the auses of climate change and its impacts on livelihoods and ecosystems for herders and the general public. It explains how good pasture...

This publication reviews recent developments in East Asian local currency bond markets along with the outlook, risks, and policy options. It covers the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations plus the People’s Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; and the Republic of Korea.

Based on an analysis of gender inequalities, strategies and promising initiatives to counter gender discrimination and promote equality between men and women in Cambodia, Kazakhstan, and the Philippines, as well as an inventory of global good legal, economic, and social practices, this report...

Carbon emissions trading markets are one of the main policy mechanisms of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) to encourage the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Grasslands cover 40% of the PRC’s land area, and these contain large amounts of carbon. Restoration and sustainable...