The outbreak of rural unionism in the early 1870s and its subsequent collapse is a well-known milestone in labour history. It was one of the earliest attempts to raise wages among unskilled labourers through unionism. There has been much conjecture but little systematic analysis of its effect on...

This paper reviews the traditional ambiguity of Portuguese policy towards external liberalization. Product and labour markets have become segmented as a result of the soft budget constraint faced by large corporations and job protection in the public sector. Relaxation of entry requirements into...

This paper uses a formal model of imperfect competition to determine the effects on eight industries of EC enlargement and the `completion of the market' in 1992. Six of the industries are characterized by oligopolistic market structures, economies of scale, and have been heavily protected from...

This paper uses simulation techniques to investigate the effects of import tariffs and export subsidies on imperfectly competitive industries. A wide range of industries are studied and for each industry eight different types of firm and industry equilibrium concept are employed, so that the...

The 1980s have seen the beginnings of a change of heart among developing country policymakers, as the import-substitution consensus of the previous decade has all but evaporated. It is paradoxical that the 1980s should have become the decade of trade liberalization in LDCs, since this has also...

In this paper, we investigate the design and implementation of financial regulation where market failures are created by asymmetric information between investors and firms. We argue that reputation, while providing some correction for imperfect information, should be supplemented by financial...

The problems experienced by the Dutch economy during the last seven years are discussed, problems for future development of the Dutch economy pinpointed and the political-economic debate in the Netherlands surveyed. Ten rules for sound government finance are formulated, and it is argued that the...

We study a model of intra-European trade flows and trade between Europe and the rest of the world for 29 manufacturing sectors for 1975-85. We investigate the claim that European integration has slowed down in recent years and find that it has proceeded alongside integration with the rest of the...

The importance of seigniorage relative to other sources of government revenue differs markedly across countries. The main theoretical implication of this paper is that countries with more unstable and polarized political systems rely more heavily on seigniorage. This result is obtained within...

Linear models in which exchange rates are driven by stochastic `news' are subject to a number of failings. In this paper we present a non-linear, deterministic model, incorporating concepts from chaos theory, which is capable of producing unpredictable exchange rate movements without `news'. Two...