Price personalisation raises four policy concerns: building trust, fostering competitiveness, increasing access, and avoiding exploitation. The Modernisation Directive introduces an information requirement about personalised prices. The research explains how this information requirement can and...

Using the Italian Trailers judgment of the European Court of Justice as an entry point, the present paper attempts to develop an effects-driven typology of barriers to cross-border trade in goods within the EU based on their trade-distorting potential, i.e., their relative gravity. In so doing,...

The present paper aims to assess whether and to what extent a “logic of pluralism” has permeated nowadays the internal market case law of the EU Court of Justice, in spite of the latter's long-standing stance as the ultimate guardian of the unity of the market and that of the law. To do so,...