Housing finance, fair lending, and fair credit reporting rules the US induce widespread reliance on credit bureau scores by originators of residential mortgages and consumer loans. Reliance on scores that issuers cannot control -- but can disclose to investors -- has helped raise loans...

This paper analyses five cryptocurrencies' monetary supply growth, credibility, and stability, to evaluate whether these currencies can perform the functions of money. While all cryptocurrencies can theoretically serve as a medium of exchange, they are inherently too unstable to be used as a...