The role of defense in national innovation systems is highly topical, because of the complexity of defense systems and the desire to get value-for-money from R&D investment, especially through the commercialization of defense-funded technology. In practice, external transfer has proved to be a...

Using the Solow-Swan growth model and the time-trend included in the aggregate production function, this study applies the multivariate cointegration approach to re-investigate the long-run and causal relationships between defence expenditures and GDP while controlling for capital and labour...

This paper estimates the elasticity of substitution (σ) between military personnel and other military inputs, building on a study by Ridge and Smith published in 1991. The major difference is that this paper uses data on the average military wage, which Ridge and Smith did not, allowing a much...

The Canadian Forces (CF) have been experiencing personnel overstretch problems with commitments to peace support operations, which have been characterized by peaks and valleys with the peaks creating unsustainable periods of operation. While the government will not commit to financing sufficient...

Innovation is not simply a body of practice but also a body of behaviors, a complex frameset of interactions, learning processes and co-evolution between actors and institutions. This paper elaborates on the opposition between cooperative-learning and competitive-learning situations and on three...

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, European governments adopted a hands-off policy towards the defence industrial base, in an attempt to increase the sector's efficiency and reactivity. In this context, one topical issue is how to motivate defence firms to apply for private rather than public...

Recent international conflicts have resurrected concerns about how to manage supply disruptions or sudden escalation of need for energy, and other critical imports such as vaccines or military components. Prominent proactive measures include support of domestic production and accumulation of...

Studies into the output of R&D generally take a qualitative view of case histories and do not provide a quantitative template for the analysis of 'cause and effect' suited to investment management. This study describes the development of a quantitative model of the relationship between defence...

With UN peacekeeping activities in recent years having become more numerous, complex and costly, alternative means of responding to emerging crises and conflicts are being proposed and considered, along with their financial costs and funding. This paper analyzes the economic costs and benefits...

This paper explores how a small economy, Australia, has sought to balance domestic military technologies with leveraging developments in the same area of research undertaken by the USA. Like many other small nations, Australia aspires to retain enough military sovereignty to pursue key national...