Most searchers performing unit root tests on terrorism series reject the null hypothesis of unit roots (I(1)) and conclude that terrorism is stationary (I(0)). In this paper we analyze ETA activity in Spain during the last 30 years by means of examining its degree of dependence across time,...

This paper extends the Looney and Frederiksen (1986) study and investigates the relationship among external debt, defence expenditures and GNP in Turkey for 1960-2002. After applying cointegration analysis of a multivariate system of equations, impulse response functions and variance...

A third country's peacekeeping demand typically arises because of a conflict spilling over the national boundary, economically and politically as well as spatially, from the country in conflict. Economic and geographic proximities, as well as the intensity of the original conflict, increase the...

On the basis of the historical record of power relationships among countries, reaching back to antiquity, as surveyed in this paper record, it rather looks as if the balance of power among states is basically an exceptional phenomenon, although sometimes it lasted a long time. The present...

In the past few years, several studies have documented the fact that terrorism has a negative impact on economic activity. The present study attempts to provide an explanation that rests on two pillars. The first pillar expands on Eckstein and Tsiddon (2004) to account explicitly for a...

Throughout the 1990s multilateral interventions often deviated significantly from traditional peacekeeping in terms of mandate complexity, level of force, and the absence of consent and impartiality. This paper develops a formal model of biased intervention and specifies propositions regarding...

This study examines various methods of financing peacekeeping missions and suggests mission funding appropriate to the conflict type and location. The financing of peacekeeping missions can take a number of forms, of which six mechanisms are examined in this paper. These include the traditional...

Often an economic agent dissatisfied with an endowed distribution of utilities desires to optimize this distribution by transferring income or resources across individuals or states of the world. This multi-state optimization theme recurs in a wide variety of economic contexts, ranging across...

What is known, what is not known, and what is it necessary to know for informed choices about defence R&D? The published data on government-funded defence R&D are reviewed and assessed. Time-series and cross-section data are presented for the world's leading defence R&D nations. World defence...

The hostility between India and Pakistan is believed to have led to an arms race between the two countries, which might have contributed to their retarded economic growth. This paper investigates this twin problem of arms race and economic growth for the time period 1949-2003. The empirical...