Moore’s Law is the prediction that transistor densities of semiconductor chips will double, speeds double, and prices drop by half approximately every eighteen months to two years. The Law lies at the heart of the high rates of technical change observed in the computer, communication and...

The purpose of this chapter is to explore variation among organizations employing mass production technology. To allow for an apples-to-apples comparison, I examine organizations using essentially the same technologies, making similar products, and competing in the same markets. Specifically, I...