Maintaining the proper equilibrium between centralized and localized fiscal management is a dilemma facing the low-income developing countries today. More decentralization is desirable in order to supply the right mix of public services that are needed by the diverse regions. At the same time,...

The social analysis of a project may be organized in to two parts: estimating how the income changes caused by the project are distributed across the stakeholder of the project, and identifying the impact of the project on the principal objectives (basic needs) of society. Another aspect of the...

There has been a growing emphasis in many developing countries to adopt an exported growth policy that attempts to attract both domestic and foreign investment into activities that will increase exports. Many countries, however, have not achieved the desired response. Among other problems,...

The scope of the analyses of public and private investment projects is expanded beyond the traditional criteria of financial and economic net present value. If the economic and financial analyses are carried out using a common numeraire, they can include issues of stakeholder impacts, poverty...

This project is an expansion of the existing water supply system in San Jose Del Monte and is being proposed for funding by the Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), a government-owned quasi-corporate entity that provides institutional and financial support to the municipal water...

A shortage of clean drinking water, the lack of an adequate sewage system, and rapid environmental degradation from waste dumping have prompted the State of Espirito Santo in Brazil to consider expanding the water supply and sewage disposal system in the region. This paper reports on the finding...