type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>This article surveys Africa's industrial, and especially manufacturing performance over the last four decades and reviews explanations for that performance which relate to issues of structure and class; structural adjustment policies; exports, technology,...</p>

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>Free trade doctrines have been questioned from the angle of their logical validity as well as relevance. Their replacement by New Trade Theories has been matched by important policy moves on strategic trade and industrial policy in advanced countries. These are...</p>

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>Trade policy is at a crossroads, as is trade diplomacy, in the form of trade negotiations under the auspicious of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Widespread ‘traditional’ import substitution industrialization (ISI) strategies, which prevailed from the...</p>