Innovative materials, components, and systems based on micro and nanotechnologies are recognized as promising growth innovators. The coming years the commercialization of micro and nanotechnology will be extended, but in order to commercialize micro and nanotechnology successfully, besides...

How does aid affect recipient country economic performance? This study looks at programme aid (import support, budget support and debt relief) in nine countries (Bangladesh, Cape Verde, Ghana, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Tanzania, Uganda, Vietnam and Zambia), showing how aid has had an impact on both...

This article investigates the factors that have induced and shaped the process of industry evolution of banking in the United Kingdom and, in particular, the reorganization of the retail payments system. It will look at how the effects of technical progress within a changing regulatory framework...

The progress of scientific and technological knowledge is a cumulative process, one that depends in the long?run on the rapid and widespread disclosure of new findings, so that they may be rapidly discarded if unreliable, or confirmed and brought into fruitful conjunction with other bodies of...

The Fifth CERGE Lecture on Practical Aspects of Privatization held at Charles University in Prague on February 6 1992 It is about the process of voucher privatization of state owned enterprises after the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia. It starts with brief history of voucher privatization...

Namibia does not represent a case of structural adjustment, that is, a kind of economic reform in a situation of crisis with a high leverage of external actors (IMF, World Bank). Rather, the agenda for economic reform is set by the government, and addresses the problems of the high poverty and...

Subsequent to the economic difficulties of the 1980s, many Latin American governments reluctantly began to introduce market-oriented reform measures. In many cases, the new measures were adopted only as a means of participating in debt-relief programs such as the Brady Initiative. In no case,...

This report forms part of the larger study initiated by IPTS on the socio-economic impact of ICTs in the acceding and candidate countries. It aims to describe the ICT manufacturing and software industry in Estonia and also throw light on how this industry will be affected by EU enlargement and...