Job creation and productivity growth are at the forefront of the global development agenda. The central challenge today for the government of Armenia is to find new sources of long-term economic growth to become an upper middle-income country, with a view to experiencing a substantial...

C1; C2; Contents; Foreword; Preface; Acknowledgments; Editors and Contributors; Abbreviations; Key Facts about Disasters; Key Facts about Prevention; Note to Decision Makers; Executive Summary; Where Are We Now?; Boxes; Box ES.1 Key Terms; Figure ES.2 Asia's Unique Urbanization in Terms of Growth of...

Front Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Contributors; Abbreviations; Overview; Background: Unemployment and Fragility; Prevailing Approaches to Employment Generation; New Thinking Regarding Employment Generation in Fragile Environments; Agriculture Value Chain Development: An Underexploited...

The informal sector of Sub-Saharan Africa is comprised of small and household enterprises that operate in the non-farm sector outside the protected employment of the formal wage sector. The sector was identified 40 years ago by the ILO representing a pool of surplus labor that was expected to be...

Financial services are important for women who are starting and growing a business, but in Pakistan microfinance providers (MFPs) are not reaching Pakistan's businesswomen. Only 59 percent of microfinance clients are women, yet the majority of these loans are passed on the male members of the...

Front Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Chapter 1 The Nature, Scale, and Scope of Private Sector Responses to Crime and Violence; Introduction; Study Scope and Methods; Box 1.1 Literature Review on the Role of Firms in Environments Affected by Violence...

Agriculture is one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In many countries, such as the fourexamined in Looking Beyond the Horizon, the risks of climate change are an immediate and fundamentalproblem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or...