Many workers receive pay based on subjectively assessed performance, yet the shirking model of efficiency wages excludes it. This paper incorporates such pay, with the following results. Performance pay is more efficient than efficiency wages when the costs of having a job vacant are low and...

This paper adopts an incomplete contracts approach to vertical integration, relating the choice of ownership structure explicitly to the investment incentives of self-interested agents. In particular, we focus on the dependence of equilibrium industry ownership structure on two key influences:...

This paper is concerned with the role of a supra-national agency, such as the European Commission, say in influencing environmental policies set by national governments. One rationale for such intervention is the need to overcome incentives for national governments to engage in "environmental...

Several studies stressed that contrary to the initial expectations, state-owned firms at the beginning of the transition, undertook painful measures to adjust to the new economic environment. This paper investigates this behaviour in a simple game theoretic framework. It is argued that the...

Subjective uncertainty is characterized by ambiguity if the decision maker has an imprecise knowledge of the probabilities of payoff relevant events. In such an instance, the decision maker's beliefs are better represented by a set of probability functions than by a unique probability function....

A local interaction game is a game where agents play an identical stage game against their neighbors over time. This paper obtains a general result on the long-run equilibrium distribution of the local interaction game whose stage game is the 2 x 2 coordination game. It is established that...

We study a model in which two carriers choose networks to connect cities and compete for travelling customers. We show that if carriers compete aggressively (e.g., Bertrand-like behavior), one carrier operating a single hub-spoke network is an equilibrium outcome. Competing hub-spoke networks...

O'Brien (1996) examined the effect of intercept shifts in I(1) processes upon Johansen's cointegration tests. In the case where the statistical model used for testing fails to take into account one or more intercept shifts, it was shown that unrelated random walks will appear cointegrated with...

This paper investigates the effects of linear turnover costs in employment in a competitive general equilibrium framework. with linear turnover costs, the Williamson (1975) hold-up issue can arise and firms may invest inefficiently. A renegotiable fixed wage contract can, as described by MacLeod...

The change of classification problem for economic sectoral time series data is examined by a approach. State space representations are proposed both for data reconstruction and modelling a change of classification. The Doran (1992) methodology of constraining the Kalman filter to satisfy time...