In this paper we study the effects of the implementation of affirmative action policy on the competitive and learning effort. The existing literature addresssing the problem of effort provision under equal treatment and a¢ rmative action policy typically studies one type of effort only, without...

The purpose of this paper is to explore determinants of bank bailouts by the Bank of Japan in response to the panic of 1927. Using a cross-sectional data set consisting of observations on 1364 ordinary banks, I examine whether lending or borrowing in the call market affected the likelihood that...