This note gives sufficient conditions of cross risk vulnerability introduced by Malevergne and Rey (2005), which is the equivalent condition to guarantee that an unfair non-monetary background risk makes decision makers more risk averse. The sufficient conditions determined by this note expand...

Through the Tokugawa era, the productivity in the agriculture steadily increased in the Kinai region, neighboring area of Osaka. However, according to the literature in the 1950s, the development of cottage industry in the region came to be stagnated in the late of Tokugawa era, because the...

This paper examines how different education systems affect GDP by influencing the diversity of human capital. We construct an overlapping generation model in which agents are heterogeneous in income and innate ability, and the final goods are produced with differentiated intermediate goods. We...

This paper examines nonlinearities in the dynamics of volatility expectations using benchmarks of implied volatility for the US and Japanese markets. The evidence from Markov regime-switching models suggests that volatility expectations are likely to be governed by regimes featuring a long...

In Finance, the modeling of a correlation matrix is one of the important problems. In particular, the correlation matrix obtained from market data has the noise. Here we apply the de-noising processing based on the wavelet analysis to the noisy correlation matrix, which is generated by a...

This paper introduces external habit formation into one of the basic models of endogenous growth in which continuing expansion of product variety sustains long-term growth. We assume that households consume a range of final goods and they set a benchmark level of consumption for each good. The...

This paper constructs an overlapping generations model of search equilibrium that analyzes intergenerational and coordination traps simultaneously. When parents are uneducated, their children often face difficulty in finishing school, and therefore likely to remain uneducated. In addition, if...

This paper investigates the relation between an export processing zone and a pollution quota in a small country. The model suppose that the pollution target is implemented with a marketable permit system, and the government sets the quota to maximize domestic welfare. Then we show that, if an...

This paper develops a theory of endogenous growth cycles focusing on the interaction between consumersf desire to satisfy an indefinite range of wants and firmsf incentive to utilize knowledge from past production experiences. We show that firms endogenously form a number of distinguishable...

Japan consists of many small inhabited islands in addition to four main islands. We examine the impact of fiscal expenditure and the number of tourists on per capita taxable income in remote islands using panel data analysis. The results show that both fiscal expenditure and population size have...