Rudimentary markets for capital - for raising money and investing - exist in even the remotest places around the world. However, prudent macroeconomic management, regulation, investor protection, and innovation are necessary to transition these nascent markets, which are often speculative...

Significant additional resources from the private sector will be needed for infrastructure in emerging market countries if the Sustainable Development Goals are to be achieved. Close to 80 percent of all infrastructure investments are government funded in these countries, yet it is recognized...

Emerging market countries, particularly India and nations in Sub-Saharan Africa, can benefit from advanced farming technologies that mitigate the effects of climate change and protect environmental resources. Water scarcity is an issue that can be overcome by adopting climate smart technologies...

In 2007 Jordan lacked the financial resources and experience to embark on a renovation and expansion of its international airport, a colossal public-private undertaking. Yet by 2013 it was able to successfully complete the complex endeavor in collaboration with a private sector concessionaire,...

Infrastructure is the backbone of every economy. It delivers basic services critical to sustainable economic growth, improved living standards, and shared prosperity. The traditional role of financing and operating infrastructure projects has been shaken up in recent decades by the emergence of...

Climate change presents risks and opportunities for the financial sector in both emerging and advanced economies. Financial institutions cannot afford to be outside of the transition path to low-carbon economies. Energy subsidies, emission standards, and carbon prices will all have a direct...

Anti-money laundering and combating-the-financing-of-terrorism laws are grounded in reasonable national security concerns, preventing the cross-border flow of funds to terror or criminal groups. But these policies can have unintentional and costly consequences, in particular for people in poor...

The international market for green bonds and securities that raise capital for specific climate or environmental sustainability purposes has experienced tremendous growth and could reach an annual market value of over 100 billion US dollars this year. As part of this growth, new market tools,...

Emerging evidence suggests that de-risking is a reality. Increased capital requirements, coupled with rising Know-Your-Customer, Anti-Money-Laundering, and Combating-the-Financing-of-Terrorism compliance costs have resulted in the exit of several global banks from cross-border relationships with...

Climate change doesn’t just threaten the environment, it poses risks to a country’s businesses and economy. Understanding these risks can be complex, yet there are a growing number of tools that can help businesses analyze how their operations will be affected. In order to integrate climate...