This paper examines patterns and determinants of exports in nine East and Southeast Asian economies, with an emphasis on the increasing important role of parts and components in total exports. To see whether exports in parts and components are "special" and to allow comparisons, export equations...

Unemployment and underemployment are the most pressing problems in Asia today, which is reflected in the widespread underutilization rate of about 29% of the total labor force. In addition to the fact that most of the labor force in developing countries cannot afford to be completely unemployed,...

The issue of trade facilitation has been increasingly highlighted among business and trading communities as they would like to reduce the costs of international transactions of goods and services. Trade facilitation is a broad term: there are a number of international agreements relating to...

"This paper analyzes fiscal adjustment by reviewing the cross-country experience of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) or mature economies, and the emerging market economies during 1970-2002. We find that initial conditions, composition, and timing of adjustment...

The growth performance of small, land-locked Central Asian economies has been among the world's fastest since the 1990s due to high-priced commodities (including oil and natural gas), strategic location, reasonable infrastructure, and human capital. The short-term economic prospects of Central...

This paper projects global food supply and demand to the year 2025, with a particular emphasis on Asia. Technological change is found to be the critical factor in determining whether or not food prices will preserve their long-run, downward trend, as well as the likely patterns of trade and...

This paper describes a quarterly macroeconometric model of the economy of People's Republic of China. The model comprises household consumption, investment, government, trade, production, prices, money, and employment blocks. The equilibrium-correction form is used for all the behavioral...

In this paper, we study the effects of institutions and policies on economic growth and poverty, paying close attention to institutions and policies that relate to the overall climate and regulations under which the private sector operates. We find that good governance, as measured by a strong...

As Asia's economic growth process matures, regional integration offers important opportunities to sustain and extend the achievements of the more dynamic economies. Benefits from this process will include geographic diversification, often toward superior growth rates, as well as structural...

Customs valuation, commodity classification system, and rules of origin are the three basic customs laws. Rules to determine a country of origin, or "nationality" of a country of production of goods, are called "rules of origin." They are widely used in international trade in the application of...