This paper uses two methodologies to explore the extent to which greater labor force participation among older Malaysians can expand Malaysia's labor supply. The Milligan-Wise method estimates the potential to increase the labor force participation rate of older Malaysians by estimating how much...

Thailand's aging population has impacted its labor force. This study examines additional health capacity to work (AHCW) with established methods. Data were obtained from the mortality registry as well as national health, aging, labor force, and welfare surveys. Utilizing the Milligan-Wise...

In this paper, we estimated the additional health capacities to work of older Vietnamese adults by applying the Milligan-Wise and Cutler-Meara- Richards-Shubik methods with various nationally representative datasets. In following these methods, we postulated that older adults' mortality rates,...

The People's Republic of China's (PRC) fiscal system is characterized by very high expenditure decentralization and heavy reliance on transfers to finance public services. The government's embrace of inclusiveness and equalization as national goals has raised questions about whether transfers...

Detailed data on the distribution of human populations are valuable inputs to research and decision making. This study aims at compiling data on population density that are more granular than government-published estimates and assessing different methods and model specifications. As a first...

Growing disparities in wealth, well-being, and access to services in Kazakhstan have raised serious concerns among policymakers, especially since the January 2022 protests. This paper evaluates these regional inequalities and presents the findings from Kazakhstan's inaugural well-being survey....

Amid the backdrop of globalization, international trade has emerged as a crucial driver of economic development. The People's Republic of China (PRC), as the instigator and key participant in the "Belt and Road" initiative, has garnered substantial attention for its trade collaborations with...

Ambitious regulatory standards can stimulate innovation and competitiveness. Complexity of regulation is perceived as a burden for firms. Debate on regulation versus competitiveness is inconclusive. Need for metrics to assess the notion of complex/sophisticated regulation. Smart regulation based...

The volume of legislation is increasing, also in the EU, but enforcement resources are not. This effectively means that in order to enforce new legislation, other legislation will need to be left unenforced: one in, one out. When introducing new rules that need to be enforced, legislators should...