Estimates of climate impacts and of the potential to reduce these impacts through adaptation show the scale of benefits that can arise from investing in climate protection and climate adaptation in the EU. Assessments also show that the benefits of adaptation measures often exceed their costs,...

Climate adaptation requires weighing trade-offs associated with every adaptation policy choice.Trade-offs can be described as a Trilemma of choosing between two out of three goals: reducing inequities and hardship, incentivizing risk reduction, and fiscal sustainability. Three main approaches...

The spatial dimension is central to future adaptation due to the uneven expected damages in the EU. Damages will not only be local, but would spread out to unaffected regions through spatial linkages. Trade, a key dimension of these linkages, is vulnerable to climate damages and current...

Europe lags behind the United States in investing in weather resilience. Durable real estate capital is at greater risk. Migration facilitates adaptation. Government policies often have unintended consequences for resilience. Need for metrics to benchmark adaptation progress both within and...

The bilateral tariffs imposed by the US are uncalled for, and the EU must respond vigorously to deter the administration from harming their mutual trade relationship. The threats of tariffs come on top of adverse energy shocks associated with the war in the Ukraine and lagging productivity...

Voters are willing to make sacrifices for climate change, and they endorse costly climate policies. Voters support green investments even when the investments are funded via carbon taxes. A carbon tax plus a Climate Premium is another promising policy. The Climate Premium is an upfront transfer...

The employment share of legal services in the US more than doubled during 1970-1990. At the same time, the relative wages of lawyers and law firm partners increased by 60 percent. This demand shift was driven by important legislative and regulatory events. These increased the scope of the law,...

Bertrand's model of price duopoly with differentiated products is able to explain not only the behavior of walk-in customers, but also that of walk-in voters. The existence of a significant number of walk-in voters, in turn, explains a major characteristic of the so-called swing states in US...

Security is simultaneously the foremost concern for citizens in destination countries, who feel threatened by migrants and refugees and call on their leaders to regain control by erecting barriers and closing borders, and also the driving force behind migratory flows. There is a protracted...