It is unwise and unproductive to impose asylum regulations that do not fully consider the resources and ambitions of refugees. The 2016 Asylum and Migration Management Regulation (AMMR) does not solve the main problem: responsibilities lie with the country of first arrival. The new accelerated...

Adaptation to climate change is an investment decision with unique challenges including uncertainty, long time horizons, and market imperfections that hinder optimal private action. Public sector involvement should address market failures while avoiding moral hazard and the crowding out of...

Investing in climate adaptation will be much more cost-effective than paying for emergency management and recovery after climate-related disasters. There is no simple "business case" for specific adaptation initiatives; governments need to take a very long-term perspective on capital spending....

Europe is warming at a rate twice as fast as the global average. Climate adaptation policies vary considerably between and within European regions. Quality and integrity of governments across Europe are correlated with adaptation performance. Information on progress toward adaptation targets,...

Voters are willing to make sacrifices for climate change, and they endorse costly climate policies. Voters support green investments even when the investments are funded via carbon taxes. A carbon tax plus a Climate Premium is another promising policy. The Climate Premium is an upfront transfer...

Ports boost market access to other cities and ports, driving trade and connectivity. Port development imposes local costs, including land use, pollution, and noise. Ports don't spur growth in their own cities, as local costs offset benefits. Nearby cities gain from ports, fueling regional and...

Current EU data market regulation is fragmented and fails to realize the full social value of data. Economies of scope in the reuse and aggregation of non-rival data, together with transaction costs, are the main sources of market failures. The European Health Data Space offers an almost perfect...

A big part of the EU-US productivity gap is due to the EU investing less in ICT-related tangible and intangible capital. These lower investments are partly explained by EU digital regulations limiting companies' access to modern endowments like data. Limits to these endowments push EU firms...

The EU Corporate Sustainable Due Diligence Directive shifts the costs of compliance with social and environmental rules to private entities within complex supply networks.To ensure effective and cost-efficient implementation, the Directive should aim to reduce economic complexity. Regulations...

Most Ukrainians plan to return, but the share of Ukrainian refugees planning to settle outside of Ukraine has gradually increased and reached 25 percent by mid-2024.By June 2024, 12 percent of Ukrainian refugees had returned to Ukraine and 7 percent had moved to another host country compared to...