We present a unified graphical framework accounting for the nature and impact of spillover effects. The dynamics of the learning process with a specific spillover transfer mechanism can be illustrated by referring to this four-quadrant picture. In particular, a whole cycle of technological...

High-tech rivalry typically involves sellers introducing a sequence of models each offering greater capacity/functionality. Given heterogeneous consumers this both creates and erodes any quality/novelty premium as innovation segments the market and imitation then populates the segments so...

Skilled workers' mobility is considered to be one of the most influential channels of knowledge transmission. This has increased the interest of researchers and policy makers because of its implications for innovation diffusion and, consequently, economic welfare. However, little is still known...

In this paper, the profitability of German car manufacturing firms is related to different indicators for the knowledge incorporated in the firms since the birth of the industry in 1886. The analysis is performed with an ordered probit model, where information about the mode of exit of the firms...

This survey covers the recent literature on inter-firm networks as far as they have implications for innovation and technological change. The studies are classified according to the direction of causality in network studies. In the literature, some studies focus on the effect of networks, while...

Consistent with the rights and incentives provided by the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, US universities have increased their involvement in patenting and licensing activities through their own technology transfer offices. Only a few US universities are obtaining large returns, however, whereas others...

This paper suggests that endogenous dynamics of the 'predator-prey' type can provide a contributing explanation for both high-venture capital concentration by industry and 'boom and bust' industry-level investment dynamics. We propose a model based on the idea that venture capitalists favor...

During the last 40 years, economics of innovation has emerged as a distinct area of enquiry at the crossing of the economics of growth, industrial organization, regional economics and the theory of the firm, becoming a well-identified area of competence in economics specializing not only in the...

This paper proposes that the 'creative industries (CIs)' play an important yet widely unexamined function in economic evolution through their role in the innovation process. This occurs in terms of the facilitation of demand for novelty, the provision and development of social technologies for...

To produce an effect, knowledge needs to be first acquired and expressed by a human agent. This trivial fact is a constraint on knowledge commercialization. The highly systemic nature of the decentralized production of knowledge is another constraint. This paper analyses the nature of the two...