We use the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to examine the question of who in US universities is patenting. Because standard methods of estimation are not directly applicable, we use a zero-inflated negative binomial model to estimate the patent equation, using instruments for the number of...

This paper combines the concept of technological modularity from the product-development literature with the concept of brokers from literature about communities of practice to explain why some innovation project teams require frequent face-to-face interactions to efficiently co-create new...

This study considers employment and productivity growth generated by the public funding of R&D using linked employer-employee data in Finland. Public subsidies, instrumented by available public R&D funding in the industry/region, have a positive effect on productivity growth in small and...

The randomised controlled trial (RCT) is the best method for evaluating changes in educational practice. Nevertheless, it has been criticised because its results often have poor ecological validity. This valid criticism can be addressed by designing the RCT so that it mimics normal teaching...

We consider the effects of product and process patents on profits and welfare. In a duopoly model, we show that if the cost of imitation is not very large, prisoner's dilemma occurs under process patent, thus creating lower profit of each firm under process patent than under product patent....

This article presents an empirical study on the patenting activities of the faculty members of the University Louis Pasteur, a major French research university. Our findings suggest that publishing and patenting are positively related whereas academic status and patenting are not, and that...

The research and development manager allocates R&D funds to maximize the expected discounted net value of the R&D programme. Because public R&D managers do not have the same market discipline (or rewards) as private R&D managers, public R&D managers require a methodology for maximizing the...

This paper explores the impacts of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth in New Zealand. Using an extended industry-level growth accounting model to analyse the proximate sources of growth in per capita output, we focus on differences in total factor productivity...

Recently, business-university collaborations have become the subject of much interest. It is important to distinguish between 'blue-sky' research and more directly commercially applicable research. This paper provides a framework in which to think about the latter. A simple screening model is...

In the USA, firms engaged in cooperative research and development (R&D) are accorded more lenient antitrust treatment by the National Cooperative Research Act (NCRA). An objective of the NCRA was to give American firms a competitive advantage over foreign firms. This article addresses whether...