We examine the market power of a seller who repeatedly offers upgraded versions of a product. In the case of pure monopoly, the seller also controls compatibility across versions. In the case of an entrant who offers an upgrade, the incumbent seller also controls subsequent interoperability...

This paper documents the five main ways in which globalization of scientific and engineering has proceeded: (1) expansion of mass higher education worldwide; (2) growth in number of international students; (3) immigration of scientists and engineers; (4) non-immigration trips: academic visitors,...

Is there a trade-off of scholarly research productivity when faculty members found or join for-profit firms? This paper offers an empirical examination of this question for a subpopulation of biomedical academic scientists who received research funding from the US National Institutes of Health...

Technology diffusion of medical innovations is a complex evolutionary process. The specificities on the demand as well as on the supply side have a crucial impact on their diffusion paths. This paper aims to investigate the diffusion process of two competing innovative technologies in the health...

Using a data set of science and engineering graduates from 12 European countries, we analyse the determinants of labour migration after graduation. We find that not only wage gains are driving the migration decision, but also differences in labour market opportunities, past migration experience...

The recruitment of young PhD graduates in the academic sector is associated with great uncertainty regarding their potential teaching and research productivity. Thus, in order to recruit the best PhD graduates for permanent positions, employers (universities or research institutions in France)...