The Renewable Energy Action Plan (REAP) was prepared in a participatory workshop with stakeholders, to discuss renewable energy potential, problems, and solutions, and synthesize study results into a draft action report. The objective of the REAP is to provide cost-effective, and reliable...

The issue of administering the distribution of oil rents is the subject of increased debate among oil companies, civil society, development agencies, and governments, which tacit agreement suggests that regions where oil and gas production takes place, in particular the communities, ought to...

The report examines three case studies in Tanzania, and presents the findings for hydropower development, based on cost-effective schemes designs, intended to benefit the country's state-owned electric power utility - TANESCO - for power generation, transmission, and distribution. The primary...

The report examines three case studies in Tanzania, and presents the findings for hydropower development, based on cost-effective schemes designs, intended to benefit the country's state-owned electric power utility - TANESCO - for power generation, transmission, and distribution. The primary...

Leaded gasoline is the greatest single source of human exposure to lead, and as such, the health impacts of lead are serious, affecting, and causing elevated blood pressure, cardiovascular conditions, neurological and kidney disease, among many others. While over eighty percent of the gasoline...

The report presents the solar electrification program in Swaziland, aimed at meeting the basic electrical needs of rural communities, of which currently, less than five percent is connected to power grids. Although implementation efforts have been made towards the development of sustainable...

The report builds on a study carried out by the Regional Power Integration Commission in South America, which estimated the potential benefits of regional interconnections. Such benefits come from optimized loading of units, exports of hydro energy that would not be dispatched in an isolated...

A 1999 study by the Bank, which summarized the unprecedented opportunity for economic, and environmental benefits for individual countries, and the entire Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) associated with cross-border power trade, concluded that a full trade scenario, could yield significant...

This paper was produced at the request of the Government of Uganda, as part of the ESMAP Power Restructuring Implementation Strategy in the country. On looking at the key factors that influence the private sector's evaluation of, and investment in power distribution firms worldwide, and, on the...

Dry tropical woodlands provide around 80 percent of the energy needs of both urban and rural populations in Africa and are of similar importance on a more localized scale in other areas. They also provide livestock fodder, building poles and many of the daily needs of the rural people living in...