In this paper, the arguments used in the literature pro and contra congestion pricing are analysed. Although it is a first-best instrument in theory, it is argued that the assumptions needed to arrive at this conclusion oversimplify reality. In practice, congestion pricing is a second-best...

The implementation of a hypermedia system to support environmental review is explored. The system (1) organizes information such as renderings, documents, and the output of analytic tools in an associative form; (2) provides facilities for the 'real-time' annotation of maps with text, graphics,...

One method of evaluating residential lots with a focus on their shape is proposed. A number of axioms are proposed to characterize '(super)appropriate' lot-evaluation functions. Among these axioms, the maximality axiom is essential for cases such as land readjustment projects. It asserts that...

Depending on discipline, models of the design process tend to focus on one of three general concepts: representation, form, and structure. We hypothesise that aspects of <I>each </I>concept will be found when studying designing from one particular discipline and that, in the case of architecture, the...</i>

Shape grammars are being used with increasing success and appeal in the design studio. In order to further this work, relationships between the rules of grammars and the kinds of designs they produce must be better understood. In this paper, correlations are established between the symmetry...

The viewshed operation is integral to a number of modem geographic information systems. From a digital elevation model of an area, it derives a new coverage which shows those areas which are visible from one or more locations, and which is coded as a binary image: 1 indicating those areas which...

In this paper we discuss the application of the compromise criterion to multicriteria decisionmaking and present an application taken from the field of architecture. The <i>L^p</i> (Minkowski) metric is used to rank a given set of alternatives according to their generalized distance from the ideal...

Taiwanese traditional architecture has been classified as belonging to the Southern style of Chinese architecture. Owing to geographical and climatic conditions, and to its own history, Taiwanese architecture has diversified from mainstream Chinese architecture. This diversification has given...