Human <I>memory </I>is commonly understood as the storage and retrieval of records of information. <I>Knowledge </I>is stored as schemata that consist of explicitly stored representations of objects. <I>Remembering </I>is retrieving representations; and <I>understanding </I>is mapping representations. By contrast,...</i></i></i></i>

During the 1990s, we will observe continuing trends of increased 'interconnectedness' among regions, nations, and people. These trends will generate dynamic forces leading the human race to a global society. The coming twenty-first century may well be termed as 'the global century'. A successful...

This paper illustrates a diversity of object-oriented languages which differ fundamentally in their support to evolutionary object specification and part-contents manipulation, which are features basic to the modelling of creative design. A case is presented for the modelling of properties as...

The schooling and the practice of planning remain two very distinct cultures, and this gap has seemingly widened in recent years. The author argues that what is driving the wedge between the schooling and the practice of planning today is a growing undercurrent of antiplanning sentiment in the...

In rural areas of developing countries, growing scarcities of traditional energy supplies (for example, wood and other biomass fuels) threaten already precarious living standards. Effective development strategies are hampered by the multiple and sometimes conflicting ways in which rural energy...

In this paper a formal method is presented in which architectural design is considered as a problem-solving activity. The particular feature of the proposed method is that the search space is defined as continuous, without restricting or violating the emergence of qualitative features of a...

Designing involves the use of a number of different types of knowledge which vary from abstract knowledge to knowledge about physical forms and their attributes. Previous research had demonstrated that pictorial representations of an example design presented as part of the statement of a design...

There is no mystery as to why people coordinate or cooperate. In a distributed problem-solving environment, self-interested problem solvers coordinate to improve their own self-interests, and to achieve collective goals. However, despite the prevalence of this paradigm of coordination through...

Urban planning is one of many fields in which the advantages of GIS seem to be broadly accepted in general but not always in the particular; there are still many hazy ideas about the benefits of the technology and little systematic guidance on the matter. This paper is the first of a two-part...

Pastor's discovery of a historical example of a noninferior fractional solution to the location set-covering problem is not unexpected. We argue here that a method or observation that is generally good (or true) has merit and should not be dismissed as lacking in utility because of occasional...