It is argued that the shape grammarians canot deliver their promises; that they have, nonetheless, opened a discussion that might be made to span the principal modalities of architectural design: seeing and saying.

The degree to which local planning authorities (lpas) control development is readily measured by the refusal rate. A comparable variable, the strong refusal rate, is proposed to measure the control effected by central government ministers and their inspectors, the central planning authority...

The work reported in this paper explicates the structure of honors study (honors credit courses) by university scholars at the Pennsylvania State University. The methodology of <i>Q</i>-analysis was employed in a four-year cohort analysis of honors (and other) courses taken by 1988-graduating...

The maximal representation of a shape is defined and algorithms for shape arithmetic are developed.

The main objective of this paper is to provide a contribution to a methodology for exploring the symbolic infrastructure of the man-made environment. In order to comprehend the complex nature of the topic, a theoretical framework is suggested, comprising elements from urban aesthetics,...

The paper describes the project Verso Genova Medievale, whose aim is the reconstruction by means of computer graphic techniques of a portion of the medieval centre of Genoa as it appeared in the late 15th century. The visual presentation will be supported by an interactive videodisk. The work...

CAM.UR is a software package developed to assist in the renewal of an urban area considered as a whole and not simply building by building. It is at the same time concerned with improvements to urban open spaces. It operates at a scale of action between planning and architecture, which has...

The process of development is described of a planimetric model whose purpose is twofold: the verification of total areas and standards in the Master Plan for Milan, and the creation of an urban land register for the city. Comparisons of the results of previous appraisals have demonstrated the...

In this paper, a study of the effects on energy use in transport and in domestic space heating of a range of options for the location of new development in and around English towns is reported. The results suggest that in energy terms there is little to choose between the realistic options for...