Evolutionary methods afford a productive and creative alternative design workflow. Crucial to success is the choice of formal representation of the problem. String-rewriting context-free grammars (CFGs) are one common option in evolutionary computation, but their suitability for design is not...

This research aims to identify the role of network architecture in influencing individual travel behavior using travel survey data from Minneapolis-Saint Paul and Florida (Fort Lauderdale and Miami). Various measures of network structure, compiled from existing sources, are used to quantify...

Assessments of changing risks in the future often focus on climate change alone, and ignore other relevant drivers such as socioeconomic changes. If other relevant drivers are considered at all, expert judgment is often used to create scenarios and the underlying logic is not always apparent. In...

This paper uses a gravity model to determinate the territory of two facilities on a two-dimensional plane and aims to discover its new implications. The recursive process is installed to the model in such a way that the future scale of a facility reflects the present amount of territory. And the...

Inspired by the behavior of slime mold cells, Paul Krugman developed a simple one-dimensional model in which moving firms self-organize into cities. In this paper I show that extending the model into two dimensions significantly improves its realism. Cities in the two-dimensional model are...

Embedding parts is a key problem in computing when dealing with continuous matter such as shapes rather than discrete matter such as symbols. For computing part relations such as embedding, a technical framework that uses weighted shapes is introduced and implemented. In the proposed framework,...

This paper considers the complex issue of how to monitor spatial planning policies. Unlike some forms of spatial policy intervention (eg, area-based urban policy), spatial planning is not time or space bound and is therefore more difficult to assess. Furthermore, it is imbued with a variety of...

Density gradients have been a common approach when estimating decentralisation processes with monocentric models. In this study the gradient approach is applied to measure the traditional pattern of commuting to the centre from surrounding areas. Availability of empirical...

The <i>p</i>-median problem is difficult to solve and many heuristic methods have been developed. This paper discusses a new hybridization approach in which existing heuristics are used as ʻexperts’ in a problem-solving team where they cooperate by sharing their solutions with each other. This...

Differences in spatial units among spatial data often complicate analyses. Spatial unit conversion, called areal interpolation, is often applied to address this problem. Of the many proposed areal interpolation methods, few consider spatial autocorrelation, which is the general property of...