The practice of multiple significance testing is reviewed, and an alternative to the frequently used Bonferroni correction is considered. Rather than controlling the family-wise error rate (FWER)—the probability of a false positive in <?tf=“t906”>any of the significance tests—this alternative due to...</?tf=“t906”>

It is widely agreed that planners should be aiming to create cities that are more ecologically sensitive. Governments, developers, planners, and designers almost everywhere claim to be doing just that. What does this mean, however? We argue that planners have been promoting a compact and...

Urban densification has been presented as a general recipe to reduce travelling. The size of settlements was not considered particularly relevant in this proposal. Two arguments are presented that challenge the notion that densification of large cities leads to less travelling. The first is...

WaterSim, a simulation model, was built and implemented to investigate how alternative climate conditions, rates of population growth, and policy choices interact to affect future water supply and demand conditions in Phoenix, AZ. WaterSim is a hierarchical model that represents supply from...

Design is increasingly perceived as a social process that involves the participation of multiple agents with multiple, and often conflicting, needs, knowledge, and goals. It is proposed here that the notion of coordination is an apposite concept for capturing the social distributed character of...

Stakeholder participation in modeling studies is often advocated as a means to enhance the acceptability of these studies. In turn, acceptability of modeling studies is considered as an important factor stimulating their actual use in policy making. Although these hypotheses are generally...

In this paper we describe the evolution of the urban grids of five case studies from the urban fringe of the Oporto Metropolitan Area throughout the last fifty years. We use a cartographic redrawing technique to recreate their street networks at four different historical moments and space syntax...

Traditional urban plans use definitive design systems, without the flexibility required to deal with the complexity and change that characterize contemporary urban societies. To conceive urban plans with increased flexibility, a shape grammar-based design methodology is proposed which is capable...

The movement of visitors in nature areas is influenced by a variety of factors that consist of <i>aggregated characteristics </i>such as the average number of visitors to a park, different types of visitors, and their typical destinations, as well as <i>individual characteristics </i>of an individual...