Privately owned public spaces are frequently criticized for diminishing the publicness of public space by restricting social interaction, constraining individual liberties, and excluding undesirable populations. This study empirically determines whether, as is commonly believed, privately owned...

Few techniques exist specifically for planning analysis. Commonly used decision techniques focus on different, partial aspects of coordinating decisions. The garbage-can model focuses on the context in which decisions emerge to explain descriptively how organizational choices are made; the...

With the adoption of the European Landscape Convention the importance of landscape character and amenity functions have gained increased political recognition across Europe. Landscape complexity has been proposed as an important concept for describing visual character, with a range of landscape...

Recent technological and theoretical advances have helped produce a wide variety of computer models for simulating future urban land-use change. However, implementing these models is often cost prohibitive due to intensive data-collection requirements and complex technical implementation. There...

The fringe-belt concept, though much studied by urban morphologists in the West, has been largely uninvestigated in the markedly different cultural environments of Eastern Asia. After an outline of the concept and considerations relating to its investigation in China, a fringe-belt study is...

There is no direct statutory planning enforcement mechanism for land without a history of Interim Development Permission Area Plans or Development Permission Area Plans in Hong Kong. Indirect enforcement of planning conditions is largely conducted by the Buildings Department upon building...

The decline of the downtown has been observed in many cities across the world. In response, many small cities in Japan, for example, have been making regeneration efforts including development controls on large-scale shopping centers. It is extremely useful to analyze the potential effects of...

This paper investigates the emergence of retail clusters on supply chains comprised of suppliers, retailers, and consumers. An agent-based model is employed to study retail location choice in a market of homogeneous goods and a market of complementary goods. On a circle comprised of discrete...

During the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the research literature dealing with the measurement of urban sprawl. Density gradients, sprawl indexes, and certain simulation techniques are some of the quantitative measures that have been used in previous studies. Fractal analysis...