Sprawl opponents have blamed sprawl for weakening linkages among the residents and social capital but there is a lack of empirical evidence to support their argument. This study examines the relationship between the county sprawl index and social-capital factors from the 2000 Social Capital...

Walking has long been neglected in urban-mobility research, but it is now making its way into numerous studies using various approaches. Empirical data are often processed in well-known models of flow allocation to study the behaviour of pedestrians and to identify their preferences. However,...

In this paper we define a computational method for measuring walking distances within buildings based on a length-weighted graph structure for a given building model. We name it the universal circulation network (UCN) and it has been implemented as plug-in software in Solibri Model Checker using...

Within the framework of Web 2.0 mapping applications, the most striking example of a geographical application is the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project. OSM aims to create a free digital map of the world and is implemented through the engagement of participants in a mode similar to software development...

For a practical computer implementation of part embedding in shapes that is also true to their continuous character and the shape grammar formalism, shapes and their boundaries are handled together in composite shape and label algebras. Temporary representations of shapes, termed ‘overcomplete...

A primary goal of the US Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 is to slow the increase in disaster losses by emphasizing a proactive approach focusing on predisaster hazard mitigation, rather than postdisaster relief. The legislation requires local communities to produce hazard-mitigation plans that...

Most planning research seeks to understand how current planning practices influence (and are influenced by) the processes and institutional contexts of decision making and the transformation of spaces. Typically, analytical methods borrowed from other social sciences are employed for this...

Data on human movement are valuable input data for building-simulation tools such as indoor-climate simulation and working-condition assessment. However, reliable data on human movement in buildings are scarcely available. Existing human-movement models are, typically, developed for (semi)public...

This paper addresses the question of how to create environments that people will want to explore. Four environmental properties (slines, entropy, floor area, and shape) were tested for exploration time in three experiments that included thirty-eight virtual environments and sixty participants....

It is not yet completely understood how on-site costs for infrastructures in residential developments vary with lot size and how developers respond to this relationship. Utilizing data from public records of costs for constructing twenty-eight subdivisions in South Kingstown, RI, this paper...