We present here an analysis of the development of the Tel Aviv metropolis by using the concept of fractals. The fractal dimension of the entire metropolis, and of its parts, was estimated as a function of time, from 1935 onwards. The central part and the northern tier are fractal at all times....

A classification system is described for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning services in nondomestic buildings and is applied to data from a sample of detailed energy surveys of such buildings. Analyses are reported of the occurrences of servicing systems of different types in the...

In this paper I will describe data provided by the UK Valuation Office (VO) for the national Non-Domestic Building Stock database developed for the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions. The purpose of this database is to support policymaking for the conservation of fossil...

In this paper we propose a combined land-use and transportation model for work trips with constraints on the road network capacity. A Lowry-type land-use model is used to distribute all the given activities into various residential and employment zones. Trip distributions are based on the...

The 1993 <i>Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe </i>presented a series of recommendations for integrating environmental objectives into the process of economic and democratic reform in Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) and the New Independent States of the former...

When using the rating and weighting (RAW) method in land suitability assessment, planners often substitute the theoretical weight-value range [0, 1] with a weight-value set, an ordered set of discrete values reduced from the continuous weight-value range. In constructing such a weight-value set,...

In this paper we describe the selection of four English urban areas in which the nondomestic building stocks might collectively be considered characteristic of the national stock. A brief history is provided of urban development in each of the four areas. The scope and methodology of...

Heuristic concentration (HC) is a metaheuristic for the solution of certain combinatorial problems. In stage one, a concentration set (CS), consisting of nodes likely to be in the optimal solution, is developed by multiple runs of an interchange heuristic. In stage two, a good, usually optimal,...

This paper gives a summary of the fundamental features of the methods used to collect and record information on energy use in nondomestic buildings. The influence on these methods of the essential data requirements for creating a national database of energy use in the UK nondomestic building...