Previous studies have shown that significant environmental changes are the result of human activities such as urbanization occurring at the spatial scale of landscapes. The challenge faced by many planners today is how to understand such relationships in order to support integrated watershed...

There is an implicit paradigm in the theory of spatial planning, which we call 'spatial planning as a design discipline'. It is implicit in much of planning theory, and the exposition here is in many respects an ordering of ideas from planning theory which have been in circulation for many...

The transition experience in Russia in the 1990s has produced benefits for some people, but it has not generally been a happy one. The level of GDP is well below what it was at the beginning of the period, inequality has increased very sharply, and other indicators of well being, such as crime...

The visual expression of the office building is changing. So are interior design concepts, relating new work practices to new office design, as in the <i>team office</i>. These phenomena can be interpreted as the result of two interrelated tendencies: globalization, and the need for a local setting....

In this paper we develop a model that predicts the shape of detached houses from the shape of residential lots by introducing the framework of the associative memory model. The model is based on the idea that, if the shapes of lots are similar, then the positions of associated houses may also be...

Depth is an important part of our understanding and appreciation of landscape. Attempts made to measure attributes of photographs of landscapes and to develop predictive models of scenic beauty have either failed to include depth or included it by subjective separation of the foreground,...

In this paper we use the tension between ideals and reality as a key to comprehend the ever-changing concept of neighbourhood in architecture and planning theory. We analyze the theoretical, that is abstract, meaning of the concept of neighbourhood by using a deconstructive approach in the...

The aim of this qualitative study was to explore reducing, reusing, and recycling materials during a demolition, renovation, and construction project at a Vermont public school site. Participants included school district representatives, architects, builders, trades-people, end-use marketers,...

Despite the historically close relationship between GIS and land-use studies, there has been little constructive dialogue on the relationship between GIS theory and land-use analysis. The distinctive feature of land-use studies is their grounding in the idea of social purpose. 'Purpose' -- the...</i>

Shape grammars are shown to be capable of generating coupled form - function devices by first satisfying the minimum required functionality and then modifying the device to obtain the desired specifications. Advantages of a weighted <i>U</i>₂₂ algebra in conjunction with a <i>U</i>₁₂ grammar are also...