In a series of discrete, yet linked, empirical research projects, local authority control of design in English private sector residential development is explored. This wide-ranging work incorporates: a countrywide review of the established but evolving context and practice for the control of...

Case-based systems (CBS) are a type of knowledge-based system (KBS) based on case-based reasoning (CBR), in which the underlying philosophy is to use previous cases to interpret or solve a new problem. There are many advantages of CBR over rule-based reasoning, which is the method adopted by...

In this paper we present research into patterns of space use and pedestrian movement in two multilevel urban complexes. Data on movement behaviour were gathered by direct observation within the Barbican and South Bank complexes in London. Conventional space-syntax analysis of spatial...

Models by urban economists explain the changing pattern of urban population distribution by the increase of income and improvements of transportation over time while ignoring the complexity and variety of urban forms. On the other hand, the gravity-based Garin - Lowry model, which generates...

In this paper the empirical findings and basic frameworks used in the evaluation of GIS are reviewed. In the studies reviewed, a variety of evaluation criteria are employed, but they still contribute sporadic, unsystematic, and inconclusive evidence. Going beyond a discussion about the need for...

In this paper the effects of planning on complex decisionmaking processes are explored. Planning is defined narrowly here as a comparison of and selection among available related choices. The model used to represent the complex decisionmaking processes is called the garbage-can model and was...

Wayfinding is a basic activity that people do throughout their lives as they navigate from one place to another. Many theories of spatial cognition have been developed to account for this behavior. However, most of the computational models focus on knowledge representation (for example,...

If a 'general theory of planning' is impossible, a contingent framework is proposed to integrate prevailing and emergent planning paradigms which present four different views of planning: deliberative rationality, communicative practice, coordinative planning, and frame setting. These are not...

A number of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shape grammar interpreters have been developed over the years. In fact, 2D variants of such interpreters are now commonly assigned as classroom exercises. In this note, a 3D implementation is described based on a commercial solid...