The debate on the effectiveness of monetary policy in developing countries remains open. We shed new light on this issue by examining whether managers' perceptions of financial constraints are shaped after a change in monetary policy. Our analysis shows that managers are more likely to report...

The ongoing energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies could have contrasting effects on African economies, particularly through increased extrac- tion of metals critical to this transition. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges posed by the development of...

While two-thirds of African countries can be considered resource-rich, taxation of the extractive sector is a challenge for these countries, which also need revenues to finance their development. An in-depth analysis of mining and petroleum rent sharing is therefore essential but is hindered by...

Among the factors that determine countries' macroeconomic performance and outlook, climate change has, since the 1990s, progressively gained significant prominence in national and global public policy discussions, and consequently also in macroeconomic policy analysis. This paper discusses the...

Lifting the tax exemption for jet fuel used for international flights is a recurring demand from many stakeholders committed to sustainable development. Currently, this exemption keeps the carbon pricing of jet fuel at an excessively low level and is inconsistent with the decarbonisation...

All WTO members participate in the Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA), a rules-based bottom-up approach built on monitorable provisions (e.g. the publication of information, advance rulings, appeal or review of decisions, transparency, and border agency cooperation) aimed at reducing time in...

The paper discusses the implications of General Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in public administrations and the specific questions it raises compared to specialized and « numerical » AI, based on the example of Customs and the experience of the World Customs Organization in the field of AI...

Public financial flows to developing countries serve a multitude of purposes, the growing number of which has led over time to an incoherent institutional landscape of international financing. Institutional fragmentation has profound consequences for the effectiveness of policies. Starting from...

Over the last 30 years, at least 94 green-climate funds1 have been created to finance climaterelated projects and programs in Emerging Markets and Developing Countries (EMDC). Each individual fund may have been justified at the time of its creation. As a system, however, they do not add up and...

The Summit's focus on financing vulnerable countries or the fight against vulnerability highlights the fact that the allocation of concessional financing between countries must be considered alongside the mobilization of new resources. This note identifies four principles: (i) the countries...