In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the focus of politicians in both parties was to punish banks and other financial services companies for a variety of offenses, real and imagined. In many respects, the provisions of the Dodd-Frank law were designed to chastise banks and other...

Liquidity plays a crucial role in financial exchange markets. Markets typically create liquidity through spatial consolidation with specialist/market makers matching orders arriving at different times. However, continuous trading systems have an inherent weakness in the potential for...

The Bank of Greece is advised to open a secondary market in Greek State bills, notes, and bonds. Such a market should be run by the Bank of Greece as an open electronic call market. The Bank is also advised to run the primary market for Greek State bills, notes and bonds as an ascending...

This paper summarizes the responses to a questionnaire sent to equity traders through TraderForum of the Institutional Investor. The respondents manage in total a very significant percentage of equity assets under management in the United States. The focus of the questions was the extent of the...

Despite its power as a transactions network, scant attention has been given to incorporating an electronic call into a major market center such as the NYSE or Nasdaq. An electronic call clears the markets for all assets at predetermined points in time. By bunching many transactions together, a...

This report summarizes the responses to a questionnaire sent to equity traders through TraderForum of the Institutional Investor. The respondents manage in total a very significant percentage of equity assets under management in the United States. The focus of the questions was the extent of the...

Networks are common in financial services. Perfect competition does not decentralize optimality on a network, and coordination of participants expectations and investments is crucial for success. Financial exchange networks exhibit two kinds of externalities: liquidity enhancement by size...