The Police Building starts together with the beginning of the mission itself (Aggressive Monitoring and Co-Location), it is not a process of an advanced later state of the mission. It is an essential part of any peace (keeping) mission and therefore must address the most urgent security needs of...

日本経済は特殊な経済だとよく言われる。本当なのだろうか。本ペーパーは、日本経済は特殊ではない、普通だ、ということを示そうというものである。...

In the quest to find a success story of international police building, eyes often turn towards Timor-Leste. What we find there is neither a story of success nor failure for either the Timorese or the UN contingents sent there over the last decade. The tale of police building in Timor-Leste is...

Since the Petersberg Conference in 2001 Germany has been involved in the police building in Afghanistan. From 2001 until EUPOL Afghanistan took over responsibility in June 2007 Germany was the Lead /Key Partner Nation for police reform. During this time the German Police Project Office (GPPO)...

United Nations policing in the context of peace operations evolved rapidly during the 1990s after three decades of serving as a minor adjunct to the principal, military, purposes of UN peacekeeping. After the end of the Cold War, UN policing became a recognized component of operations, but...

IIn this paper, we use the iPhone as a case to show that even high-tech products invented by American companies will not increase the US exports, but to the contrary exacerbate the US trade deficits. The iPhone contributed US$1.9 billion about 0.8% of the US trade deficit with PRC in 2009....

Numerous studies about sustainable withdrawal rates from retirement savings have been published, but they are overwhelmingly based on the same underlying data for US asset returns since 1926. From an international perspective, the United States enjoyed a particularly favorable climate for asset...

This paper provides an investigation of the impacts of pension funds on capital market development, both for stock markets and bond markets. For the overall sample of countries, we find that pension fund financial assets have positive impacts on stock market depth and liquidity as well as...

The aim of this study is to examine the manner in which a Japanese medical regulation affects equity in health care within an economic framework. The regulation is termed “the ban on mixed treatment.” Mixed treatment is the mixed use of treatments covered by public health insurance as well...