An intensive dairy and crop farming system found in the East African highlands provides manure and urine, taken from stalls of improved dairy cattle, for crops such as banana. By using panel data of 894 rural households in 2003 and 2005 in Uganda, we find that the number of improved cattle per...

This study considers the importance of firm characteristics in explaining the degree of business constraints facing Pakistani firms in the Investment Climate Survey. We quantify how firms with differing characteristics experience particular problems. After controlling for other factors, the...

The Vietnam Living Standard Surveys (VLSS) are supposed to be representative of the entire population in Vietnam. However, we uncover an anomaly that the amount of remittances received from domestic sources is significantly larger than the amount of remittances sent to domestic sources, implying...

North America, Europe, and Asia are three largest regional blocks in the global aviation. EU has liberalized its aviation market within the region, following the north America. However, Asia is still left behind, and most of the markets in the region are governed by bilateral air service...

An understanding of the financial and distributional consequences of Social Security reform requires knowledge about the actual life circumstances of participants, including the level and pattern of their lifetime earnings and when they retire. Some analyses of Social Security reform make...

Since the 1990s, Vietnam has experienced a dramatic growth in remittance flows. This paper uses the Vietnam Living Standard Surveys for 1992/93 and 1997/98 to study the role of gender in these remittance flows, both from the perspective of receiving and sending remittances. Knowing about gender...

Many countries are currently increasing the advanced funding of their public pension systems to improve their sustainability in the face of rapidly aging populations. When pensions are funded, the issue of asset allocation becomes of paramount importance. Through compound interest, the rate of...

Japan has seen a sharp rise in the suicide rate since 1998, which has since been a major social problem. In addition, the number of those suffering mental disorders has been increasing in recent years. The paper argues that there exists economic rationality for corporations to motivate or force...

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Efficiency measurement is critical for industries where firms do not face strong competition, ad we cannot relay on the market to discipline the firms effectively , Airports are a typical example. At the same time, the fact that airports produces multiple outputs using a common set of inputs...