現在、廃棄物処分場の逼迫が課題となっている。対策として、3...

Pakistan’s pension system is in the process of increasing funding in anticipation of providing for a growing elderly population. Regulations require that these pension assets be invested domestically. In this paper, we quantify how diversification of the pension funds to include world...

Under the belief-system of bureaucratic infallibility which is epitomized by the “Duality of government” (J. Iio), a fall of trust in the bureaucracy which was caused by a series of maladministrations at the 1990s is a serious challenge to the existing regime. Seen in the context of...

This paper surveys the postwar evolution of Bank of Japan (BOJ) monetary policy. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, we describe the changes in the money supply process in response to changing institutional constraints. We focus on the transition from quantitative to qualitative...

In Appreciation and Interest Irving Fisher (1896) derived an equation connecting interest rates in any two standards of value. The original Fisher equation (OFE, 1896) was expressed in terms of the expected appreciation of money (the real return on money) whereas the ubiquitous conventional...

In Appreciation and Interest Irving Fisher (1896) derived an equation connecting interest rates in any two standards of value. The original Fisher equation (OFE) was expressed in terms of the expected appreciation of money [percent change in E(1/P)] whereas the ubiquitous conventional Fisher...