This study examines the dynamic change in the regional e-commerce transactions divides in China from 2013 to 2019 using convergence analysis methods. We use population-adjusted annual e-commerce transaction data from 31 provinces. These provinces are categorized into the three varying levels of...

Under a wide variation of overfished stocks by countries and regions, this research examines whether regions and countries with low overfished ratios are increasing their fishing output to catch-up to regions and countries with higher overfished ratios. For the total group of 131 countries, the...

Sustainable Development Goals adopted by The United Nations seek to protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species by 2020. Several countries even in the 1990s began expanding species protection to reach the 2020 goal early. This research investigates whether countries with low level...

An estimated 804,000 suicide deaths occurred in 2012, representing an annual global age-standardized suicide ratio of 11.4 per 100,000 populations. Suicide ratios are not distributed evenly across people or places, varying by income level, gender, and age. Changes in suicide ratios over time...

Countries through the world have experienced increased globalization over the last several decades facilitated by reduced cost of transportation and communication and more recently by more rapid deployment of information technologies. However, a globalization gap exists dividing those countries...

Terrestrial protected areas are an important tool for biodiversity conservation. Recent expansion of terrestrial projection areas is such that fifty countries have already reached or exceeded the 17% target to be realized by 2020. This research examines whether countries with low level of...

One of the important unresolved questions on the analysis of urban traffic congestion deals with urban congestion penalty versus advantage. This research with examine whether larger cities experience disproportionately greater traffic congestion by using data available from Tom Tom for 164...

Using yearly nitrogen dioxide pollution measures in parts per billion for 179 countries during 1979 to 2011, this research examines whether the convergence process of catch-ups has taken place among countries in both total as well as in multiple subgroups of countries. All four income subgroups...

This research examines the existence of urban safety advantage versus penalty among 49 to 42 large cities. Each city is scored across four main categories of safety: digital security, health security, infrastructure safety, and personal safety for the year of 2015. Total group of cities is...