This is comparative study of two rural water supply and sanitation projects in Kerala, similar in practically all aspects except that one project incorporated community participation in it and the other did not. The study compares the outcomes in the two projects and finds that there is...

One of the main areas in which HRD interventions are needed relate to organizational role stresses. An attempt has been made in this paper to examine the stresses of the top management executives and to suggest HRD interventions accordingly. The sample consists of 221 Top Managers....

In organizations with emphasis on transparency, flexibility, informal talks and open door policies, subordinate-superior relationships and communication patterns are a significant deviation from the norm. This study analyzes transcripts of 23 pieces of interviews for identification of Upward...

Inflation affects real income tax liabilities in two ways. First, it erodes the real values of fixed deductions. Second, it moves a tax payer in a high tax bracket. Due to high rate of progressivity in taxes at lower end of the tax schedule, low income groups suffers more than high income groups...

This paper draws mainly upon research in the state of Gujarat focussing both on administrative reform and the bureaucracy’s response to a changing economic policy environment in the context of liberalization. For a comparative focus, the paper also draws on material on the Chinese and South...

This paper addresses the quantum jump in the number of two-year management programmes in India. It examines the quality adherence by taking institutions approved and affiliated by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), University Grants Commision (UGC), Central Government Autonomus...

In order to measure the extent of economic independence of women in the third world countries, the use of indicators like Female Workforce Participation Rate (FWPR) or the relative contributions of males and females based on traditional methods of wage differentials is not very satisfactory....

One of the problems faced by researchers in the field of quantitative economics relates to choice of appropriate functional forms from amongst many that can be estimated on the basis of available data on a given set of causal and effect variables. Most economic phenomena could alternatively, be...

We present a new algorithm for continuous, nonlinear or linear, and constrained or unconstrained optimization. After proving its convergence, we apply it to unconstrained and constrained maximum likelihood estimation, and compare its performance to that of the Newton-Raphson algorithm.

The Union Budget for 1996-97 was the maiden budget of the recently formed United Front Government. Given the political context and the economic scenario, the formulation of this budget was a fairly difficult task. An attempt has been made in this paper to present a broad macroeconomic analysis...