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To examine empirically the knowledge integration process of professional expertise that individuals have in a professional firm, this paper examines the emergence and growth of four large audit firms (ShinNihon, Azusa, Tohmatsu, and ChuoAoyama) in Japan over a period from the mid- 1960s to 2010....

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This paper conducts preliminary analysis on technological innovation by using prize and award data sets: the Okouchi Prizes and the R&D 100 Awards. It aims to outline longitudinal patterns of award-winning industries, organizational type, and inter-organizational collaboration. First, it shows...

There are various factors associated with success or failure of R&D projects, such as maturity of the technology, circumstances surrounding R&D systems within companies and environments for commercialization of R&D projects. For R&D projects supported by public funds in particular, it has been...