We analyze a pooled annuity fund from a participant’s perspective by comparing it to a mortality-linked fund, a type of variable payout life annuity, that gives a return linked to the force of mortality but subject to a cost. Fixing the instantaneous volatility of return on wealth, we find...

This paper investigates a continuous-time mean–variance asset–liability management problem with endogenous liabilities in a more general market where all the assets can be risky. Different from exogenous liabilities that cannot be controlled, the endogenous liabilities can be controlled by...

Equities have long been dubbed the natural hedge against inflation. However, empirical findings have implied just the opposite, that there exists a negative correlation between stock returns and inflation. The rising inflation and slowing economic growth that we are experiencing in today’s...

We develop a flexible model to value longevity bonds which incorporates several important sources of risk, namely, interest rate risk, mortality risk and the risk due to structural changes in economic and environmental conditions. In particular, Markov, regime-switching, jump-diffusion models...

Tables 2 and 3 in England et al. (2012) raise the conjecture that the claims reserves in the Bayesian over-dispersed Poisson (BODP) model with non-informative gamma priors are equal to the claims reserves in the chain-ladder (CL) model (the small differences in the figures could be explained...

We explore a new framework to approximate life insurance risk processes in the scenario of plentiful policyholders, via a bottom-up approach. Given the insurance contract structure, we aggregate the balance of individual policy accounts, and derive an approximating Gaussian process with...

We investigate the feasibility of defining, modelling and projecting of (scaled) mortality improvement rates along cohort years-of-birth, that is, using a cohort perspective. This is in contrast to the approach in the literature which has considered mortality improvement rates that are defined...

Two new indices for financial diversity are proposed. The first is aggregative and evaluates distance from a single factor driving returns. The second evaluates how fast correlation with a stock rises as the stock falls. Both measures are here risk neutral. The CRI is also compared with coVaR....