Inter-governmental Organisations, such as the IMF and OECD, advocate a medium-term reduction in deficit spending and public debt accumulation among advanced economies to satisfy conditions of fiscal sustainability. Buttressing the need for fiscal austerity, Reinhart and Rogoff claim to have...

This paper estimates the effects of outward FDI on domestic business investment in Germany at the industry level for a panel of 19 industry and 10 services sectors. We pay particular attention to the different motivations behind FDI, and distinguish between FDI to high-versus low-wage countries,...

Selling off formerly state-owned telecommunications incumbents played a major role in governments’ privatization programmes from the 1980s. One major consequence was that, from the late 1990s, a number of incumbents emerged as the world’s largest Multinational Corporations (MNCs). Despite...

Competition in an industry with an upstream natural monopoly infrastructure requires vertical separation. However, this cannot increase welfare unless marginal costs are reduced, given the advantages of vertical integration. It turns out that entry increases marginal costs and has ambiguous...

-super-1Using Census and National Sample Survey (NSS) data, this paper studies the evolution of Gender Bias (GB) in the age group 0--6 in India and its association with education and higher prosperity. GB is pervasive and has grown over time with higher prosperity and resultant demographic...

Employing panel data techniques, we investigate the macroeconomic and institutional determinants of inequality and poverty in the EU over the period 1994--2008. We pay particular attention to the effects of macroeconomic environment, social protection and labour market institutions. The...